About the journal
Dear authors, the website of the journal has been changed
Please reset your password to enter the site
Certification from "Ministry of Science, Research and Technology"
The Space Ontology International Journal has been accepted by the "Ministry of Science, Research and Technology" of Iran with the accreditation number of 3/18/1272 April 3,2017 as a "Scientific Research Journal". All issues published after Vol 5, Issue 4 Autumn 2016, this certificate is included.
Publication Fee
According to the financial support circular of Islamic Azad University dated December 25, 2019, authors are needed to pay a fee for review (1,500,000 Iranian Rials ) and publication (3,500,000 Iranian Rials) of their articles from the beginning of 2020 onwards.
Space Ontology International Journal (SOIJ) published by Qazvin Islamic Azad University (located in Iran) is scholarly open access, peer-reviewed, quarterly, and fully refereed journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community for the submission of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Architecture, Urban Design, and Planning. The policy of peer review is Double-blinded. The journal welcomes all research papers from all over the world. The editorial board members are from diverse countries of the world. The journal tries to expedite the review process of received papers. SOIJ is promised to publish papers that are of enough conformity with the stated aims & scope. SOIJ is continuously trying to improve its processes with respect to the international standards of journals.
 Conflict of interest |
 Authorship form |
 Paper template |
Follow us: 
Recent Articles
-
Open Access Article
1 - Social regeneration of the historical Bazaar of Zanjan based on the recognition of the physical-spatial dimensions affecting the sociability of the city's public spaces.
Ayda Rajaei Zohreh Torabi Hooman SoboutiIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2024Iranian Bazaar, as one of the most prominent public areas of the city, have always been a platform for establishing citizen interactions and forming social activities. Following the developments of modernism, the architectural system of the Bazaar, especially the histor MoreIranian Bazaar, as one of the most prominent public areas of the city, have always been a platform for establishing citizen interactions and forming social activities. Following the developments of modernism, the architectural system of the Bazaar, especially the historical Bazaar of Zanjan, suffered many damages in the physical-spatial dimension, in such a way that the structural integrity of this historical complex is distorted to a significant extent and as a result, the level of sociability of the users of the space has also decreased. In order to regenerate the social relations and exchanges of Zanjan Bazaar, this research has tried to explain the solutions for organizing its physical-spatial system, and in this way, it has used a mixed methodology approach based on library and field studies. Field data was prepared by distributing a closed questionnaire and conducting semi-structured interviews with businesses of Zanjan Bazaar with a volume of 297 and 21 people. The results of measuring the significant relationships between the physical-spatial dimensions of Zanjan Bazaar and the sociability of the environment with the Pearson correlation test in the SPSS statistical analysis show that there is a direct and significant relationship between these two variables. This means that if the physical-spatial structure of Bazaar is improved, the level of interaction and social activities of the users will also be improved. The findings of the interview in order to understand the physical-spatial damage and challenges of the Zanjan Bazaar indicate that the most fundamental challenge of Bazaar is related to physical access indicators and aesthetic factors and the lowest amount of damage is related to factors of location, form, geometry, and flexibility. Considering the obtained results, solutions were also suggested in the direction of the social regeneration of Bazaar based on the existing physical-spatial challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analysis of Physical Identity via House Typology (Case Study: Sabzevar City)
Yasaman MozafarMoghaddam Vahid Ahmadi Hero Farkisch Maryam OstadiIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2024The destruction of historic residential buildings of Sabzevar city in recent renovations has increased the need for documenting the housing of Sabzevar. Documenting these buildings requires recognition of indigenous and original patterns that can be interpreted as a "ho MoreThe destruction of historic residential buildings of Sabzevar city in recent renovations has increased the need for documenting the housing of Sabzevar. Documenting these buildings requires recognition of indigenous and original patterns that can be interpreted as a "housing types". In this article, typology of Sabzevar city’s houses and its analysis in order to explanation continuity of physical identity of Sabzevar city’s Houses have been specifically discussed. The main questions of this study are “What are the types of houses in Sabzevar City?” and also “How has the continuity of physical identity been in the housing types of Sabzevar city?” and to answer to these questions, the study uses cases study method combined within analytical-descriptive method. Based on this study, it can be claimed that “typology” and “typological process” are suitable processes for analyzing the “continuity” of physical identity. The results show that there are fifteen types of housing in the city of Sabzevar from the Qajar until now, among which, five types are related to the Qajar, five types are related to the first Pahlavi, two types are related to the second Pahlavi and three types are related to the Islamic Republic. The results of analysis of typology of Sabzevar city’s houses indicate that the types of houses in Sabzevar city have characteristics such as distinction, change and plurality due to the passage of time, and the houses of this city has lost its physical identity due to the passage of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Architectural identity in the reconstruction of new residential buildings adjacent to historic houses (Case study: the ancient city of Homs)
Batool Alsulaiman Afsaneh Zarkesh Mansour YeganehIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2024Statement: There have been changes in the architecture of contemporary Syrian buildings adjacent to historic buildings, which poses a threat to the identity of the historic neighborhood. Objective: provide comprehensive guidelines for reconstructing residential building MoreStatement: There have been changes in the architecture of contemporary Syrian buildings adjacent to historic buildings, which poses a threat to the identity of the historic neighborhood. Objective: provide comprehensive guidelines for reconstructing residential buildings damaged in the war so that the contemporary building, while preserving the values of the historic building, can also express the spirit of contemporary architecture.The method: is descriptive-analytical using resources and field observation. After conducting interviews and analyzing data; the indicators have been extracted according to the SWOT method, then the indicators have been weighed according to the AHP method, and points have been presented.Conclusion: The opportunity of Rebuilding residential buildings according to the neighborhood's identity is more than a threat, and strength is more important than weakness at this stage. It also shows apparent advantages in the post-war reconstruction of Homs, which preserves its identity and confirms its spirit without compromising its sense of place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Analyzing the Biophilic Paradigm in Urbanism, Based on Content Analysis Technique
Sahar Moarefi Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi Farah HabibIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2024The lived experience of million years of human beings has been originated and evolved in nature. The connection between man and nature plays a fundamental role to respond his physical and mental needs. The increasing manifestations of industry and technology, simultaneo MoreThe lived experience of million years of human beings has been originated and evolved in nature. The connection between man and nature plays a fundamental role to respond his physical and mental needs. The increasing manifestations of industry and technology, simultaneously lifestyle changes in the contemporary era, have led to rise dissociation of urban environments from nature. Accordingly, numerous problems, such as; loss of biological species, deforestation, global warming, traffic, air pollution, etc, appear in the present cities. Consequently, Human beings; as the main stakeholders of urban spaces, have been suffered from various physical and mental problems, such as; movement disorders, hypertension, diabetes, alienation to the environment, neurological diseases, depression, anger, etc. due to the nature receding processes. Therefore, it is more necessary to address the approach, through human-nature reconnection by creation, revive and restoration nature aspects in urban spaces. In this regard, the research problem raised from the main question: What are the issues of Biophilic paradigm in urban planning and design? This research is based on the content analysis for systematic review (PRISMA). Accordingly, articles with keywords selected and screened from comprehensive scientific databases and the selected final articles were analyzed in-depth, to extract and define while expressing the Biophilic concept of urban planning and design, its dimensions, components and criteria. Biophilic urban development is a comprehensive approach; principally deals with the interaction of functional, structural and meaning dimensions, embodied environmental, sociocultural, economic, institutional , city spatial and time duration scales, simultaneously sensory design components and the embodied natural features.Consequently,enriched accessible natural urban spaces can directed to people wellbeing and their responsibility toward the natural values of the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Effect of Integrated Teaching of Architectural Foundation Courses on the Creativity and Educational Motivation of novice Learners
Babak MotieiIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2024As a first lesson of architectural design, among the basic courses, the Architectural Basic Design is very important. Strengthening the power of visualization, imagination and thinking ability of students, understanding the structural elements of the building, dealing w MoreAs a first lesson of architectural design, among the basic courses, the Architectural Basic Design is very important. Strengthening the power of visualization, imagination and thinking ability of students, understanding the structural elements of the building, dealing with the physical areas, is the purpose of the Architectural Basic Design. The purpose of the study is trying to depict the effect of studio teaching methods (Integrated and disintegrated teaching of required courses), on the architecture students motivation and creativity. The following methods were quantitative. For this purpose, the exercises of the Architectural Basic Design, for students in their second semester by two methods of combination (simultaneous teaching of basic courses under a single program) and disintegration (Independent teaching of basic courses) has been considered. The test has been carried out by two groups of students in each of the above studio education systems. The Valrand motivation questionnaire and Abedi creativity questionnaire are used for the measurement of motivation and creativity. As a result, teaching Architectural Basic Design alongside other required parallel courses, increases intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and reduces their lack of motivation. With increasing motivation, novice learners will have the ability to create new ideas and will be able to expand it due to their abilities and this means that the creativity has increased. As a result, integrated education of basic courses is more dynamic education due to the increased motivation and creativity of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Role of Physical-Behavioral Patterns Based on Conventional Wisdom in the Identity of Residential Complexes (Case Study: Urmia Elahieh Complex)
Samira Nabavi Ali Javan Forouzande Ghasem Motalebi Masoome YaghoobiIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2024Conventional wisdom, as an interdisciplinary concept, plays a significant role in shaping daily behavior and the long-term use of spaces, particularly in residential complexes. Despite its importance, there has been limited research in architecture that has addressed an MoreConventional wisdom, as an interdisciplinary concept, plays a significant role in shaping daily behavior and the long-term use of spaces, particularly in residential complexes. Despite its importance, there has been limited research in architecture that has addressed and explored the relationship between conventional wisdom and architecture, as well as its impact on the use and formation of spaces. The main problem addressed in this paper is the need to understand the relation between conventional wisdom and architecture, and how conventional wisdom affects the use and formation of spaces within residential complexes. The research method employed in this paper is both quantitative and qualitative, with data being analyzed using interpretative-analytical techniques. Data collection was carried out through observations and interviews. Through a review of the literature, the research model was proposed by parameters of rationality, collective cognition, and reality with four minor dimensions including social, cultural, functional, and physical. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between architecture and conventional wisdom in residential complexes, particularly in the social and physical dimensions. The findings highlight the importance of public spaces as micro-components of the social dimension, and emphasizing the need for compliance with proportions, legibility of form, and visual diversity as part of the physical dimensions. Conclusions emphasizes the importance of considering conventional wisdom in architectural design in residential complexes. Also, among the others, social and physical dimension by legible public places and visual diversity has main role of relation between conventional wisdom and architecture. These conclusions can be utilized by designers and researchers working in residential complexes to better understand the impact of conventional wisdom on architectural design and the use of public spaces within these complexes. Manuscript profile
Most Viewed Articles
-
Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation of the quality of the third place for young people with an emphasis on promoting Social Resilience
Mohammadreza Mohammadi vosough Toktam HanaeeIssue 3 , Vol. 12 , Summer 2023Resilience stated that this word means the ability to return to the original state. Third places, hangouts, which all mean a home away from home, are effective in promoting social resilience, this research seeks to answer the main question of how the components of the t MoreResilience stated that this word means the ability to return to the original state. Third places, hangouts, which all mean a home away from home, are effective in promoting social resilience, this research seeks to answer the main question of how the components of the third place can affect promoting the social resilience of young people. In this regard, the Sajjad neighborhood of Mashhad city has been taken as a case study. This research collected information using the field and library method and by setting up a questionnaire with a sample size of 380 people randomly looking for the required information from the indicators in the youth age group and using the descriptive-analytical research method to analyze the collected data using SPSS and PLS. has been discussed, it should be mentioned that Bartlett and KMO tests were used in this research to check the reliability and validity. The results of the analysis of the information collected from the Sajjad neighborhood of Mashhad show that the best indicator for the social resilience of young people is the benefit of recreational spaces and paying attention to the physical design of third places, and for its improvement, it requires planning and planning in the realization of strategies such as the promotion of sociable use, Improving socializing spaces and increasing permeability and improving sociability hangouts, all of which are effective in improving the social resilience and social interactions of youth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Effect of Building Blocks Layout on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Building in the Humid Subtropical Climate of Caspian Coast
Zahra Sorayaei Raheleh Rostami Fatemeh Mozaffari GhadikolaeiIssue 3 , Vol. 12 , Summer 2023Cities use a lot of energy sources and they form more than 70 percent of global carbon emissions. It is very important to measure the relationship between urban form and energy consumption. The form of different building blocks in the city can create different microclim MoreCities use a lot of energy sources and they form more than 70 percent of global carbon emissions. It is very important to measure the relationship between urban form and energy consumption. The form of different building blocks in the city can create different microclimates and subsequently affect the thermal comfort and energy performance of each building. Building blocks form includes different variables. The purpose of the research was to predict the effect of the layout pattern of building blocks on the thermal conditions of the building and the annual energy consumption of the building. The general pattern of building block layout (discrete, linear, centripetal) and its characteristics, including length, depth and direction, were considered as independent variables of the research and the annual energy consumption of the building as a dependent variable. The thermal conditions in the building are based on the PMV thermal index as a mediating variable. This research is a quantitative study that includes a literature review and research and software analysis. Accordingly, the samples of building block layouts based on typical patterns in the study area located in the CFA climate were simulated using DesignBuilder software and the results were compared with each other results. Energy consumption results have shown a direct relationship with the thermal conditions of the building. The layout patterns of the building block in the form of a medium-depth centripetal (annual energy consumption: 52718.5 wh/m2) and a short-length linear (annual energy consumption: 54127 wh/m2) can be considered as favorable options in terms of annual energy consumption. Also, changing the direction of building blocks with a linear form causes a significant change in energy consumption (It increases by 10.7% compared to the short linear pattern), and in the discrete pattern, considering designing strategy like insulation for external walls are important to prevent heat loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Critical View on New Urbanism Theory in Urban Planning: From Theory to Practice
Mitra Ghorbi Hamid MohammadiIssue 3 , Vol. 6 , Summer 2017In the wake of Jacobs’s criticisms of planning, planners increasingly felt a level of angst over, or even responsibility for, the condition of the city. Schooled in preparing and implementing plans and land use regulations, they appreciated the appeal of a new mov MoreIn the wake of Jacobs’s criticisms of planning, planners increasingly felt a level of angst over, or even responsibility for, the condition of the city. Schooled in preparing and implementing plans and land use regulations, they appreciated the appeal of a new movement that offered a simple, tangible, and marketable recipe for practice. New urbanism theory is one of the contemporary urban theories that developed as a movement within practice as a response to the failure of cities and suburbs in the mid-twentieth century. Now these questions take shape in a mind: May New Urbanism lead to Planning good community? How is new urbanism developing theory, and how does it contribute to our understanding of theory? How is planning theory responding to new urbanism and the insights its practice generates? These are questions that the paper tried to answer them. Using content analysis, various ideas and views about New Urbanism and its formation from theory to practice have been reviewed and criticized. We concluded that although the new urbanists want to turn the situation around and they envision cities without suburbs, but in practice, they could not make good community According to the principles that this normative theory committed. In present day most new urbanist projects have proven relatively homogeneous in composition. Rather than minimizing difference, new urbanist projects have sometimes exacerbated societal differences by creating enclaves of affluence in the urban environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Explaining the Theory-Practice Gap In Iranian Urban Design Projects Based on Communicative Theory
Saeede Alikaei Seyyed Ali Nouri Pantea Alipour KouhiIssue 4 , Vol. 9 , Autumn 2020Referring to the concepts of communicative theory, urban design introduced as an interdisciplinary knowledge that is involved in political and social struggles. so it cannot play a neutral and purely scientific role in practice, Due to direct interference in the interes MoreReferring to the concepts of communicative theory, urban design introduced as an interdisciplinary knowledge that is involved in political and social struggles. so it cannot play a neutral and purely scientific role in practice, Due to direct interference in the interests of various economic and social groups. The purpose of this study is to identify the basic concepts of communicative theory and to examine the application of these concepts in urban design projects in Iran. Therefore, by examining the philosophical theories affecting the communicative theory, the basic concepts and how these concepts are applied in the process of urban design are set, in the form of a conceptual framework. The developed conceptual framework provides the basis for the analysis and evaluation of selected projects in the next step by using directed qualitative content analysis method. The results show that by placing the most stages of urban design process in very low scale, the projects focused only on the technocratic aspects of process, and concepts of communicative theory such as power and its role in guiding process, empowerment and acquaintance of the society with their interests and expectations, and how to participate and follow it up in the form of a process of social learning have been neglected. While communicative theory, as a missing link in Iranian urban design project, with the reformulation of the relationship between space, designer, people and the institution of power, consider urban design as a product of processes in which competing discourses, based on communicative action, maximize their understanding scope by accepting multiple interest, and configure space in a participatory process. Accordingly by Ignoring the theoretical knowledge’s evolution in practice, the knowledge generated in practice will be subsequently incapable to develop and modify theoretical knowledge and consequently increase the gap between theory and practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Social regeneration of the historical Bazaar of Zanjan based on the recognition of the physical-spatial dimensions affecting the sociability of the city's public spaces.
Ayda Rajaei Zohreh Torabi Hooman SoboutiIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2024Iranian Bazaar, as one of the most prominent public areas of the city, have always been a platform for establishing citizen interactions and forming social activities. Following the developments of modernism, the architectural system of the Bazaar, especially the histor MoreIranian Bazaar, as one of the most prominent public areas of the city, have always been a platform for establishing citizen interactions and forming social activities. Following the developments of modernism, the architectural system of the Bazaar, especially the historical Bazaar of Zanjan, suffered many damages in the physical-spatial dimension, in such a way that the structural integrity of this historical complex is distorted to a significant extent and as a result, the level of sociability of the users of the space has also decreased. In order to regenerate the social relations and exchanges of Zanjan Bazaar, this research has tried to explain the solutions for organizing its physical-spatial system, and in this way, it has used a mixed methodology approach based on library and field studies. Field data was prepared by distributing a closed questionnaire and conducting semi-structured interviews with businesses of Zanjan Bazaar with a volume of 297 and 21 people. The results of measuring the significant relationships between the physical-spatial dimensions of Zanjan Bazaar and the sociability of the environment with the Pearson correlation test in the SPSS statistical analysis show that there is a direct and significant relationship between these two variables. This means that if the physical-spatial structure of Bazaar is improved, the level of interaction and social activities of the users will also be improved. The findings of the interview in order to understand the physical-spatial damage and challenges of the Zanjan Bazaar indicate that the most fundamental challenge of Bazaar is related to physical access indicators and aesthetic factors and the lowest amount of damage is related to factors of location, form, geometry, and flexibility. Considering the obtained results, solutions were also suggested in the direction of the social regeneration of Bazaar based on the existing physical-spatial challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Integrated Teaching of Architectural Foundation Courses on the Creativity and Educational Motivation of novice Learners
Babak MotieiIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2024As a first lesson of architectural design, among the basic courses, the Architectural Basic Design is very important. Strengthening the power of visualization, imagination and thinking ability of students, understanding the structural elements of the building, dealing w MoreAs a first lesson of architectural design, among the basic courses, the Architectural Basic Design is very important. Strengthening the power of visualization, imagination and thinking ability of students, understanding the structural elements of the building, dealing with the physical areas, is the purpose of the Architectural Basic Design. The purpose of the study is trying to depict the effect of studio teaching methods (Integrated and disintegrated teaching of required courses), on the architecture students motivation and creativity. The following methods were quantitative. For this purpose, the exercises of the Architectural Basic Design, for students in their second semester by two methods of combination (simultaneous teaching of basic courses under a single program) and disintegration (Independent teaching of basic courses) has been considered. The test has been carried out by two groups of students in each of the above studio education systems. The Valrand motivation questionnaire and Abedi creativity questionnaire are used for the measurement of motivation and creativity. As a result, teaching Architectural Basic Design alongside other required parallel courses, increases intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and reduces their lack of motivation. With increasing motivation, novice learners will have the ability to create new ideas and will be able to expand it due to their abilities and this means that the creativity has increased. As a result, integrated education of basic courses is more dynamic education due to the increased motivation and creativity of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis of Physical Identity via House Typology (Case Study: Sabzevar City)
Yasaman MozafarMoghaddam Vahid Ahmadi Hero Farkisch Maryam OstadiIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2024The destruction of historic residential buildings of Sabzevar city in recent renovations has increased the need for documenting the housing of Sabzevar. Documenting these buildings requires recognition of indigenous and original patterns that can be interpreted as a "ho MoreThe destruction of historic residential buildings of Sabzevar city in recent renovations has increased the need for documenting the housing of Sabzevar. Documenting these buildings requires recognition of indigenous and original patterns that can be interpreted as a "housing types". In this article, typology of Sabzevar city’s houses and its analysis in order to explanation continuity of physical identity of Sabzevar city’s Houses have been specifically discussed. The main questions of this study are “What are the types of houses in Sabzevar City?” and also “How has the continuity of physical identity been in the housing types of Sabzevar city?” and to answer to these questions, the study uses cases study method combined within analytical-descriptive method. Based on this study, it can be claimed that “typology” and “typological process” are suitable processes for analyzing the “continuity” of physical identity. The results show that there are fifteen types of housing in the city of Sabzevar from the Qajar until now, among which, five types are related to the Qajar, five types are related to the first Pahlavi, two types are related to the second Pahlavi and three types are related to the Islamic Republic. The results of analysis of typology of Sabzevar city’s houses indicate that the types of houses in Sabzevar city have characteristics such as distinction, change and plurality due to the passage of time, and the houses of this city has lost its physical identity due to the passage of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Right to the City: Developing a Framework to Analyze Environmental Justice
Maryam Afrouz Hassan SajadzadehIssue 1 , Vol. 10 , Winter 2021The unprecedented increase in urban population and the emergence of new issues in the lives of citizens have led to new concepts, such as “right to the city” in the urban planning literature. The answer to many failures of plans and programs in various field MoreThe unprecedented increase in urban population and the emergence of new issues in the lives of citizens have led to new concepts, such as “right to the city” in the urban planning literature. The answer to many failures of plans and programs in various fields, including environmental justice, can be found in the light of this concept. This paper has focused on the issue of environmental justice through a comprehensive view of the social and economic dimensions of the lives of different groups of city dwellers, and “the right to the city” has been identified as the most appropriate context for this purpose. This descriptive-analytical paper has used documentary studies and a review of the theoretical literature associated with the right to the city and environmental justice to extract the conceptual model indicating the explanation of components and their relationships, using the content analysis model. Finally, the proposed model showed that the establishment of environmental justice in cities requires the realization of the components of the right to the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The effect of educational background on students’ color preferences for improving the quality of learning in learning environments (A case study: undergraduate students majoring in computer and architecture in Mashhad)
Hooman Dehvari Iman Mirshojaeian hosseini Seyyed Mahdi MaddahiIssue 4 , Vol. 11 , Autumn 2022Research has shown the effect of classroom environment variables on students’ learning performance. Color, as a variable in the interior space, has great impacts on the audience’s perception of the environment. Using students’ color preferences in clas MoreResearch has shown the effect of classroom environment variables on students’ learning performance. Color, as a variable in the interior space, has great impacts on the audience’s perception of the environment. Using students’ color preferences in classes can have a significant effect on the quality of their learning. Numerous factors can affect people’s color preferences, but the question is whether educational background plays a role or not. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of educational background on students’ color preferences, so that an appropriate color will be chosen for classroom interiors to improve the quality of learning in educational environments based on the impact of choosing a given color. A total of 618 undergraduate participants majoring in computer sciences and architecture from both males and females were evaluated. In a qualitative questionnaire, students were asked to choose their first color preference as the color of the classroom interior, and then their favorite color was chosen from among the 12 main colors of the color cycle in addition to 3 achromatic colors. SPSS and Pearson's chi-squared test were used to evaluate this test. The results indicated that there is no significant relationship between students’ choice of color and their educational background in both majors (computer and architecture). However, the students’ color preferences in choosing a color for the interior of the classroom in both disciplines are affected by their educational background. This research helps us understand how to use color in the learning environments to increase the quality of learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Explaining the Model of City Resilience to Earthquake, Regarding Natural Site of Cities (Case Study: Qazvin city)
Javad Poursharifi Manouchehr Tabibian Mohammad Masoud Shirin ToghyaniIssue 2 , Vol. 9 , Spring 2020Cities are among the most fragile life settlements due to their complex internal structure and the influence by different variables. Given the realities of these settlements, in devastating events such as earthquakes, these cities will be definitely more fragile; conseq MoreCities are among the most fragile life settlements due to their complex internal structure and the influence by different variables. Given the realities of these settlements, in devastating events such as earthquakes, these cities will be definitely more fragile; consequently, returning to normal life seems to be much longer and costly. Given the importance of the issue, in addition to variables taken into account by other researchers in terms of urban structure, this paper has a deeper look at the resilience of cities to earthquakes by considering the conditions of natural sites of cities. It also provides a model of resilience, discusses, and analyzes it in the city of Qazvin, which is located in a high-seismic region with a high relative risk zone. According to the preventive approach to resilience of cities, this program will significantly reduce damages caused by earthquake in the future. In this paper, the algorithm of this model is proposed based on the information obtained from the information analysis on resilience and earthquake, and with regard to the necessity of prioritizing the variables. In fact, this model places a high analytical priority on differentiation of different areas of cities based on natural conditions of their site, and it systematically addresses the issue from the outset. This causes the vulnerability of all parts of the city not to be considered the same under natural conditions and, according to the facts in the natural site, the effect of earthquake on the components of the city are observed, and the critical points are identified. The model output shows that vulnerability in Qazvin is so widespread that the strategy of action during disruption, and returning to initial state are ineffective, and it is better to focus on self-organization and increased pre-earthquake capacity. Manuscript profile
